An array of possible side effects contribute to low adherence rates (28–44% discontinue use within 3 months), particularly impairments in memory, attention and executive processes, extrapyramidal effects, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and sleep disturbances ( Kennedy, 2006 Masand, 2003). Compounding this issue, psychotropic medications have had limited treatment success owing to delayed onset of therapeutic activity, partial or no response, individual variability, poor tolerability, high cost, and stigma associated with use ( Masand, 2003 Usala et al., 2008 Young et al., 2009). population is affected by at least one mental illness annually ( Kessler et al., 1994 Kessler et al., 2005). The prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders are well substantiated by epidemiologic data, where an estimated 26–30% of the U.S. While present knowledge of the role of creatine in cognitive and emotional processing is in its infancy, further research on this endogenous metabolite has the potential to advance our understanding of the biological bases of psychopathology and improve current therapeutic strategies. The present review summarizes the neurobiology of the creatine-phosphocreatine circuit and its relation to psychological stress, schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. Impairments in creatine metabolism have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, leaving clinicians, researchers and patients alike wondering if dietary creatine has therapeutic value for treating mental illness. Creatine supplementation has shown promise as a safe, effective, and tolerable adjunct to medication for the treatment of brain-related disorders linked with dysfunctional energy metabolism, such as Huntington’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease.
Lesser known is the essential role creatine, a natural regulator of energy homeostasis, plays in brain function and development.
Athletes, body builders, and military personnel use dietary creatine as an ergogenic aid to boost physical performance in sports involving short bursts of high-intensity muscle activity.
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